Why Obesity Plays Such a Major Role
Obesity — or excess body fat — develops when calorie intake regularly exceeds what the body burns. Modern eating habits, reduced movement, and highly processed foods make this more common than ever. But obesity doesn’t exist alone. It significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, one of the most widespread metabolic diseases today.
How Obesity Leads to Insulin Resistance
Researchers at the University of Melbourne discovered that the fat cells of people with obesity release a protein called PEDF. This protein travels through the bloodstream and makes the liver and muscles less sensitive to insulin.
To compensate, the pancreas produces more insulin than the body actually needs. Over time, this constant demand overloads the pancreas, slowing down insulin production — and eventually leading to type 2 diabetes.
This discovery may help scientists develop new medications to improve treatment for people living with insulin resistance or diabetes.
How to Prevent Both Conditions
Overweight begins at a BMI above 25, and obesity at a BMI above 30. If you fall into these categories, medical guidance is important. The positive news: simple lifestyle changes can dramatically lower the risk of both obesity and diabetes.
Helpful steps include:
- Maintaining a stable, healthy body weight
- Losing weight if your BMI is between 25 and 29.9
- Eating fewer high-calorie foods
- Eating more foods with low energy density
- Limiting fast food
- Reducing alcohol and sugary drinks
- Exercising at least three times a week
These habits support metabolic health and significantly reduce the risk of long-term complications.
Early Symptoms of Diabetes You Should Watch For
If you live with obesity, it’s important to recognise early warning signs of diabetes. Typical symptoms include:
- Increased thirst
- Persistent fatigue
- Dry skin and mucous membranes
As the disease progresses, sugar may appear in the urine and blood sugar levels rise noticeably. Later symptoms can include damage to blood vessels and various organs. If any of these signs sound familiar, contact your doctor promptly.
How Obesity and Diabetes Are Treated
Treatment plans are tailored to each person’s needs, focusing on sustainable, long-term weight management.
Within 6–12 months, patients with a starting BMI between 25 and 35 should aim for a weight loss of at least 5%. For those with a BMI above 35, a reduction of at least 10% is recommended.
Treatment goals include:
- Establishing a long-term healthy lifestyle
- Improving quality of life
- Supporting personal motivation and responsibility
Regular follow-up with your doctor is essential to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed.
